![.w. boehm introduced cocomo model in his book software engineering economics in 1981 co .w. boehm introduced cocomo model in his book software engineering economics in 1981 co](https://www.coursehero.com/thumb/e8/3e/e83eb452be13adc59fb0d38af0953cbc2287d6ae_180.jpg)
![.w. boehm introduced cocomo model in his book software engineering economics in 1981 co .w. boehm introduced cocomo model in his book software engineering economics in 1981 co](https://www.coursehero.com/thumb/48/b5/48b5ab610934ee22c92ed9fa067ba99a4e406096_180.jpg)
Major languages such as Fortran, ALGOL, and COBOL were released in the late 1950s to deal with scientific, algorithmic, and business problems respectively. Programming languages started to appear in the early 1950s and this was also another major step in abstraction. Thus the division between "hardware" and "software" began with abstraction being used to deal with the complexity of computing. Practitioners quickly realized that this design was not flexible and came up with the "stored program architecture" or von Neumann architecture. Source : When the first digital computers appeared in the early 1940s, the instructions to make them operate were wired into the machine.
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Source : Typical formal definitions of software engineering include: Software engineering ( SE) is the application of engineering to the development of software in a systematic method.